Quality of western Canadian canola 2019
Harvest sample program samples and grade distribution
This report of quality data for the 2019 harvest is based on analyses of 2,320 individual canola samples. Composites of Canola, No.1 Canada from each crop districts from each province were made using these samples. Specialty oil samples, such as high oleic acid, low linolenic acid, and high erucic acid, were excluded from this report. In 2018, we received about 200 less samples than in 2018 and about 170 more samples than the 5-year average (Table 1). Crop district composites of Canola, No.1 Canada samples were prepared using 1,936 samples.
Exports of commercially cleaned canola exports (from August 2019 to December 2019) contained on average 1.83% dockage, ranging from 0.60 to 2.5%, which affects quality factors such as oil content, chlorophyll and free fatty acid (http://grainscanada.gc.ca/en/grain-research/export-quality/oilseeds/canola/export-quality/). Canola exports containing over 2.5% dockage are considered not commercially clean (NCC) and usually have even greater reductions in measured quality components. The composition of samples received in 2019 and 2018 was compared and 5-year average data are presented in the report (Table 1). Comparison with the quality of Canadian canola export shipments is provided in Table 6.
Figure 4 - Canola samples received in harvest sample program and the historical grade distribution, 2009-2019
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Canola samples received in harvest sample program and the historical grade distribution, 2009-19 Crop year Total samples No. 1 Canada No. 2 Canada No. 3 Canada Sample Canada Percent No. 1 2009 1362 1251 81 16 14 91.9 2010 1785 1345 244 128 68 75.3 2011 1749 1487 166 65 31 85.2 2012 2089 1714 301 45 29 82.9 2013 1588 1488 62 21 17 93.7 2014 1765 1452 218 63 32 82.3 2015 2015 1840 121 37 17 91.5 2016 1954 1865 52 11 26 95.4 2017 2309 2180 77 27 25 94.4 2018 2505 1796 220 298 125 74.7 2019 2300 1957 190 113 40 85.1
In 2019, only 85.1% of the samples were graded Canola, No. 1 Canada, compared to 74.4% in 2018 and 87.3% for the 5-year average (Figure 4). Since 2009, this is the 4th lowest percent of samples graded Canola, No. 1 Canada, the worse average was obtained last year (74.4%) followed by the 2011 average (75.3%) and the 2012 average (82.0%). The grade distribution of the 2019 canola crop varied greatly between provinces and between crop districts within a province. This year again, the lowest percent of samples graded Canola, No. 1 Canada was found in Alberta-Peace River where only 75.1% (52.1% in 2018) of the samples were graded Canola, No. 1 Canada, versus 88.2% in Saskatchewan and 97.0% in Manitoba. The area with the most damaged canola samples was the north-west part of Alberta-Peace River, only 59.2% (14.5% in 2018) of the samples from crop district 7 from Alberta-Peace River were graded Canola, No. 1 Canada followed by Alberta crop district 3 (61.2% in 2019 versus 70.7% in 2018). The main damage was distinctly green seed count (DGR) and admixture. Overall, DGR were 0.39% (0.36% in 2018) in Canola, No. 1 Canada, 3.13% (4.04% in 2018) in Canola, No. 2 Canada, 10.23% (12.01% in 2018) in Canola, No. 3 Canada and 8.52% (32.95% in 2018) in Sample.
Quality of western Canadian canola 2019
Tables 3 to 5 show detailed information on the quality of western Canadian canola harvested in 2019 whereas Table 6 compares the quality of the harvest to the quality of recent canola exports. It is important to note that the numbers of samples in each grade or province may not be representative of the total production or grade distribution. However, there were sufficient samples to provide good quality information for each province and each grade. Provincial and western Canadian averages were calculated from results for each crop district, weighted by a combination of production by crop district using a 5 year average production (Statistics Canada production estimate) combined with an estimate of grade distribution per crop district.
All oil and protein content values discussed below are presented using the Canadian Grain Commission’s historical 8.5% moisture basis in order to permit annual and regional comparisons. Protein content of the oil-free meal is presented at 12% moisture whereas the glucosinolate content of the oil-free meal is reported on dry basis to reflect meal-trading rules established by the Canadian Oilseed Processors Association (COPA).
Exports of commercially cleaned canola contained up to 2.5% dockage, which will affect quality factors such as oil content, chlorophyll and free fatty acids. Canola exports containing over 2.5% dockage are considered not commercially clean (NCC) and will have even greater reductions in measured quality components.
Quality parameter | 2019 Harvest program | Export | |||
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December 2019 | August to November 2019 | Previous shipping season 2018-19 | |||
Commernically clean | Not commercially clean | ||||
Canola, No. 1 Canada | All grades | ||||
Oil contentFootnote 1, % | 44.6 | 43.8 | 43.7 | 43.3 | 43.2 |
Protein contentFootnote 1Footnote2, % | 20.4 | 20.5 | 20.7 | 21.0 | 20.9 |
Oil-free protein contentFootnote2, % (at 12% moisture, %) | 38.3 | 37.9 | 38.0 | 38.0 | 38.3 |
Chlorophyl, milligrams per kilogram seed | 12 | 25 | 23 | 21 | 32 |
Total glucosinolatesFootnote 1 of the seed, µmoles/gram seed | 9 | 11 | 10 | 11 | 11 |
Free fatty acids, % | 0.16 | 0.26 | 0.30 | 0.23 | 0.29 |
Erucic acid, % in oil | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
Oleic acid, % in oil | 62.4 | 62.0 | 62.6 | 63.6 | 63.2 |
α-linolenic acid, % in oil | 10.0 | 10.3 | 9.7 | 9.1 | 9.2 |
Total saturated fatty acidsFootnote3, % in oil | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.7 | 6.6 | 6.6 |
Iodine value | 113.7 | 114.3 | 113.1 | 111.7 | 112.2 |
Mono-unsaturated fatty acids | 64.2 | 63.7 | 64.3 | 65.3 | 64.9 |
Poly-unsaturated fatty acids | 28.8 | 29.2 | 28.6 | 27.5 | 27.9 |
Distinctly green seed, % | 0.39 | 1.58 | 1.4 | 1.35 | 2.68 |
Dockage, % | 0.00 | 2.02 | 1.78 | 1.73 | 2.31 |
Loading moisture, % | NA | 9.0 | 8.6 | 8.5 | 8.6 |
Number of export samples | NA | 20 | 85 | 206 | 33 |
Tonnage | NA | 615,713 | 2,391,341 | 7,352,284 | 1,166,263 |
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